Temperature and Heat

Temperature and Heat

Kinetic energy: the energy of a moving object.

 Pontential energy: energy stored in an object or material.

 Temperature: the average kinetic energy of a molecules in a material.

Heat: energy that flows between objects that have different temperatures.

Radiation: the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

 Conduction: the transfer of energy by direct contact of molecules.

Convection: the transfer of energy by the flow of a liquid or gas.

Insulation: prevents heat from flowing in or out of a material.

Chemical Changes

Chemical Change

Compound: a chemical combination of two or more elements.

 Chemical bond: a link that atoms or electrically charged particles can form with each other.

 Chemical formula: a way of using letters and numbers to show how much of each element is in a substance.

Ion: an electrically charged particle with unequal numbers of protons and electrons.

Molecule: a group of bonded atoms that acts like a single particle.

Chemical property: a way of describing how a substance changes chemically with other substances.

 Exothermic: a reaction that gives off heat.

Endothermic: a reaction that absorbs heat.

Elements and Atoms

Elements and Atoms

Element: a substance that cannot be broken down any futher into anything simpler.

Atom: the smallest particle of an element that has the same chemical properties.

 Nucleus: an atom's dense center, where most of it mass is.

Electron: a negatively charged particle that moved around an atom's nucleus.

 Proton: a positively charged particle inside an atom's nucleus. 

Neutron: a particle with no charge inside an atom's nucleus.

Atomic number: the number of protons in an atom.

 Metal: any of a group of elements that conduct heat and electricity, is shiny and bendable.

Physical Properties

Physical Properties

Matter: any solid, liquid, or gas

 

Mass: amount of matter in an object.

 Volume: the amount of spece an object takes up.

 Density: the amount of mass in a certain volume of material.

 Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identify of a substance.

Physical change: a change in size, shape, or state without forming a new substance.

Solution: a mixture of one substance dissolved in another so that the properties are the same throughout.

 Chemical change: a change in matter that produces a new substance with different properties from the original.