Places to Live Around the World

Places to Live Around the World

The land on Earth is divided into six major kinds of large ecosystems that are: Desert, Tundra, Grassland, Deciduous forest, Taiga, Tropical Rain Forest, this is called biomes. Each biome has its own kind of climate, soil, plants, and animals. Each biome can be found in differents parts of the world. For example, a desert biome is found in North America, another is found in Africa, still another is found in South America, others are found in Asia and Australia.

Desert:

Location: Midlatitudes

Climate: very hot days, cool nights.

Soil: Poor in animal and plant decay products but often rich in minerals.

Plants: none to cacti, yuccas, bunch grasses, shrubs, and few trees.

Animals: Rodents, snakes, lizards, tortoises, insects, and some birds.

Tundra:

Location: high northern latitudes.

Climate: very cold, harsh, and long winters; short and cool summers.

Soil: nutrient poor, permafrost layer a few inches down.

Plants: grasses, wildflowers, mosses, small shrubs.

Animals: musk oxen, migrating caribou, artic foxes, weasels, snowshoe hares, owls, hawks, various rodents.

Grassland:

Location: midlatitudes.

Climate: cool in winter, hot in summer.

Soil: rich topsoil.

Plants: mostly grasses and small shrubs, some trees near sources of water.

Animals: prairie dogs, foxes, small mammals, snakes, insects, various birds. African grasslands include elephants, lions, zebras, giraffes.

Deciduous forest:

Location: midlaltitudes.

Climate: relatively mild summers and cold winters.

Soil: rich topsoil over clay.

Plants: hardwoods, beeches, hickories, maples.

Animals: wolves, deer, bears, and a wide variety of small mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and insects.

Taiga:

Location: mid to high latitudes.

Climate: very cold winters, cool summers.

Soil: acidic, mineral poor, decayed pine and spruce needles on surface.

Plants: mostly pruce, fir, and other evergreens.

Animals: rodents, snowshoe hares, lynx, sables, ermine, caribou, bears, wolves, birds in summer.

Tropical rain forest:

Location: near the equator.

Climate: hot all year around.

Soil: nutrient poor.

Plants: greatest diversity of any biome

Animals: more species of insects, reptiles, and amphibians than any place else; monkeys, other mammals, including in some places elephants, all sorts of colorful birds.

Surviving in Ecosystems

Surviving in Ecosystems

In nature a relationship between 2 kinds of organisms that lasts over a period of time is called symbosis. There are different kinds of symbosis. Sometimes both organisms benefit from the relationship. Sometimes one organism benefits while harming the other. Sometimes only one benefits, and the other is not affected. Let's take a closer look at each kind of symposis

Mutualism

When a relationship between 2 kinds of organisms benefits both of them, it is called mutualism. A strange - looking plant grows in the Mojave Desert of southern California. It's called a Joshua tree, or yucca plant. When this tree's creamy flowers are in bloom, small gray shadows seem to dart from flower to flower.

Parasitism

A relationship in which one kind of organism lives on or in another organism is called parasitism. The organism that live on or in other organisms are called parasites. The organisms they feed on are called hosts. The parasites benefit from the relationship. The hosts arr harmed by it.

Commensalism

A relationship where one organism benefits from another without harming or helping it is called commensalism. Many animals also have this kind of relationship. There are certain tropical fish that live unharmed among the poisonous tentacles of sea anemones provide safety for the fish.

Life Cycle

Life Cycle

Introduction: The life cycle is a project funded by the EUPublic Health Programme, aligned to its overall goal of improving the health of EU citizens by fostering more physically active lifestyles. To learn more about the life cycle project, partner countries, target groups and our latest news, please feel free to browse our website or contact us directly.

The life cycle have 3 types :

• Water Cycle: also known as the hydrologic cycle or H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Water can change states among liquid, vapour, and ice at various places in the water cycle. Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go.The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and subsurface flow. In so doing, the water goes through different phases: liquid, solid, and gas.
• Carbon Cycle: is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. It is one of the most important cycles of the earth and allows for carbon to be recycled and reused throughout the biosphere and all of its organisms.
• Nitrogen Cycle:  is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. This transformation can be carried out via both biological and non-biological processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification. The majority of Earth's atmosphere (approximately 78%) is nitrogen, making it the largest pool of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen is unavailable for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems.

Food Chains and food Webs

Food Chains and food Webs

Living things depend on each other for energy,like food chains and food web. In nearly all food chains, solar energy  is input into the system as light and heat, utilized by autotrophs in a process called photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is reduced by being combined with water, producing glucose. water splintting produces hydrogen, but is a nonspontaneous reaction requiring energy from the sun. Carbon dioxide and water, both stable, oxidized compounds, are low in energy, but glucose, a high-energy compound and good electron donor, is capable of storing the solar energy. This energy is expended for cellular processes, growth, and development. The plant sugars are polymerized for storage as long-chain carbonhydrates, including other sugars, starch, and cellulose.

 Food chains are overly simplistic as representatives of the relationships of living organisms in nature. Most consumers feed on multiple species and in turn, are fed upon by multiple other species.

For a snake, the prey might be a mouse, a lizard, or a frog, and the predator might be a bird of prey or a badger. The relations of detritivores and parasites are seldom adequately characterized in such chains as well.
A food web is a series of related food chains displaying the movement of energy and matter through an ecosystem. The food web is divided into two broad categories: the grazing web, beginning with autotrophs, and the detrital web, beginning with organic debris. There are many food chains contained in these food webs.
In a grazing web, energy and nutrients move from plants to the herbivores consuming them to the carnivores or omnivores preying upon the herbivores. In a detrital web, plant and animal matter is broken down by decomposers, e.g., bacteria and fungi, and moves to detritivores and then carnivores.

Living Things and their Environments

Living Things and their Environments

The living things and nonliving things interact in an ecosystem. An ecosystem is all the living and nonliving things in an area interacting with each other. Ecology is the study of how all these things interact to survive. all the ecosystem have the same part. The biotic factor Biotic components are the living things that shape an ecosystem. They are, any living component that affects another organism. Such things include animals which consume the organism in question, and the living food that the organism consumes.The abiotic factor are non-living chemical and physical  factors in the environment. Abiotic phenomena underlie all of biology. Abiotic factors, while generally downplayed, can have enormous impact on evolution. Abiotic components are aspects of geodiversity.The environment of the animals, encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region there of. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species.The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished by components.

Energy Resources

Energy Resources

Introduction: The energy resources is everything that could be used by society as a source of energy. Are discovered to be hydro, solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, coal, crude oil, natural gas, and ocean-wave motion and are used to produce power. Are substances chemically classified this way because of their potential ability to produce energy, mostly from the covalent bonds of carbon atoms.

The heat can be used to generate electricity. The heat is used to boil water and turnit into steam. The steam is trapped, and pressure builds up. Then the steam is released. The steam is directed at a big, pinwheel like turbine. When the steam hits the turbine, it causes a spin. The spinning turbine turns a generator to make electricity. All fuels have advantages and disadvantages.

Sources of energy other than the burning of fossils fuels are called "alternative energy sources".Here are some alternative energy sources

• Modern Waterwheels:any whitewater rafter can tell you that running water has a lot of energy, that energy can be harnessed to do work using waterwheels.
• Harnessing the wind: wind, or moving air, can also spin a wheel
• Earth's Furnace: the Earth's interior is very hot. The most common evidence of that heat is simply hot water .

Earth's Atmosphere

Earth's Atmosphere

Mineral: a  solid material of Earth´s crust with a definite composition.

Luster: the way light bounces off mineral´s surface.

Streak: the color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed against a hard,rough surface.

Hardness: how well a mineral resists scratching.

Cleavage: the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces.

Ore:a mineral containing a usefull substance.

Gem:mineral valued for being rare and beautiful.

Nonrenewable resource: a resource that cannot be replaced within a short period of time or at all.

Minerals of Earth's Crust

Earth's Changing Crust

Fault: a crack in the crust, whose sides show evidence of motion.

Geologist:a scientist who studies Earht.

 

Magma: hot, molten rock deep below Earht's surface.

Lava: magma that reaches Earht's surface.

Weathering: the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.

Erosion: the picking up and carrying away of pieces of rock.

Deposition: the dropping off of bits of eroded rock.

Meteorite:  a chunk of rock from space that strikes a surface (such as Earth or the Moon)

Solar System.

Album: Solar System

Introduction: The solar system is te Sun and the objects that are traveling around it.The Sun is a star but biggest,the Sun is a star similar to others star in the night, it appears biggest and bright in the day because it is much closer to Earth ; I hope you like it.

Mercury: Is the smallest planet in the Solar System, it completes three rotations about its axis for every two orbits, Mercury’s apparent magnitude varies between about  2.3 brighter than sirius and 5.7. The extremes occur when Mercury is close to the Sun in the sky. 

Venus: A. Venus is named after the Roman goddess of love. It is the planet closest in size to Earth. It is shrouded in a deep layer of clouds that reflect light very well. It is therefore a very bright object in our sky. Because they orbit very close to the sun.Aside from the sun and the moon.

Earth: It passed through the four stages of planetary development that other solid planets also experience to varying degrees. These four stages are: differentiation, flooding, and surface evolution.

Mars: good views of Mars occur every other year. Best views occur when most favorable opposition takes place, every 15 or 17 years. This happens when Mars is in opposition during the months of August or September. Mars' period of revolution around the Sun is about two years.

Jupiter: This giant planet has no solid surface.  Under its atmosphere is a large liquid ocean of hydrogen and water. The atmosphere slowly gets thicker and thicker until it becomes part of the ocean. The sky slowly becomes the ocean.

Saturn: Saturn was the god of agriculture, he was called Cronus by the Greeks.In many ways Saturn is similar to Jupiter, but it is much smaller.  Under the clouds of methane and helium the sky gradually turns into liquid until it becomes a giant ocean of liquid chemicals. 

Uranus: Uranus is very odd.  Unlike all the other planets and most of the moons in our Solar System Uranus spins on its side.  It is believed that long ago a very large object smashed into this planet.  The crash was so powerful that it completely changed the direction of Uranus' spin.

Neptune: Neptune was originally only the god of water, but was later extended to the ocean when he became associated with the Greek god Poseidon.Neptune has a giant storm much like the storm on Jupiter.   This storm is often called The Great Dark Spot.

Matter and Energy

Matter and Energy

Potential energy: energy stored in a object or material.

Conduction: movement of energy from a hot object that comes into contact with a cooler object; the material remains in place.

Convection: movements of energy by the flow of matter from place to place.

Radiation: movement of energy in the form of waves that can travel though empty space.

Wet cell battery: a batery containing liquid solution that produces the electricity current.

Dry cell battery: a battery that uses"dry chemicals" to produce an electric current.

Introduction: In this album learned many vocabularies very interest,thanks for you watch.

Chemical Change

Chemical Change

Physical Change: a change in size,shape,or state, without forming a new substance.

Chemical change: a change in matter that produces a new substance with different  properties from the original.

Chemical reaction: a chemical change of original substances into one or more new substances.

Reactant: one of the original substances reaction takes place.

Product: one of the new substances produced when a chemical reaction takes place.

Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solids, Liquids and Gases

State of matter: any of the forms matter can exist in.

Melting point: the temperature at which a solid changes state into a liquid.

Boiling point: the temperature at which liquid change state into a gas.

Freezing point: the temperature at which a liquid changes state into a solid.

What Matter is made of

What Matter is Made of

Element: a basic building block of matter ; a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler.

Compound: a chemical combination of 2 or more elements into a single substance.

Atom: the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of the element.

Proton: a particle with a positive charge in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron: an uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron: a particle with a negative charge moving around the nucleus of an atom.

Nucleus: the dense center part of an atom.

Molecule: a group of more than one atom joined together that acts like a single participle.